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Staff and security officers working in South Australia's COVID-19 quarantine hotels will be tested for the virus after two cases in people returning from overseas.
A woman in her 30s, who flew into Australia from India on a repatriation flight earlier this month, has tested positive for coronavirus on day 12 of her 14-day isolation period.
Her partner has also tested positive, although their two children remain free of the infection.
Deputy Chief Public Health Officer Mike Cusack said because of the two positives in quick succession, officials had decided to proactively test people working in the quarantine hotels.
He said while authorities did not expect anyone to be found to be infected, the tests would add an "extra layer of certainty".
"We're very keen to ensure all bases are covered," Dr Cusack told reporters on Monday.
The Australian Government launched a contact tracing App, COVIDSafe, that records "close contacts" - people who have been close to each other for 15 minutes.
This type of contact tracing will miss contacts where infection is acquired from a contaminated surface several hours after an infected person has left a location.
An example may be a bus where surfaces become contaminated by an infected passenger early in the morning, then passengers who travel on the same bus in the afternoon become infected due to contact with contaminated surfaces.
The bus could have a bluetooth beacon device that uniquely identifies the bus. Passengers' phones running the COVIDSafe App could record the fact that they have travelled on the bus as they get on.
If anyone who was on the bus tests positive to Covid-19, the COVIDSafe App data will show not only who they have been near for 15 minutes, but also places they have been where they may have acquired the infection - or where they may have contaminated surfaces where other people may later become infected.
Finding 3 or 4 people who test positive for Covid-19 who have been on the same bus, even if not at the same time, will provide evidence of transmission via contaminated surfaces - which is more informative than the existing COVIDSafe App that can only identify contacts who have been near to each other.
These "bluetooth beacon devices" could be placed anywhere: in elevators in apartment blocks and offices, near ATMs and at the entrances of cafes, restaurants and bars, etc.
Suitable microprocessors for building "bluetooth beacon devices" are readily available, easy to program, and are inexpensive.
The development and construction of the "bluetooth beacon devices" would create jobs.
The letter, led by internationally recognised air quality and health expert Lidia Morawska from the Queensland University of Technology, makes an appeal for public health organisations like the WHO to address the "overwhelming" research on the dangers of microdroplets.
Technology and innovation may assist making enclosed spaces - buses, trains, cafes, and so on - safer.
An air filtration unit can remove microdroplets from air.
Fitting the air filtration unit with an anti-viral mechanism, such as an ultraviolet lamp may enhance its ability to remove coronavirus contamination.
A sensor capable of detecting coronavirus particles installed in the air intake of an air filtration unit would allow it to serve like a "smoke detector" - warning people of the need to evacuate a contaminated room.
Air Purifier - "air purification setup has a Microbe Shield Light, HEPA filter, carbon filter, and pre-filter to remove allergens, smoke, dust, germs/bacteria, and various particles" pic.twitter.com/ApRlpfwlIL
"The advantages and the drawbacks of air dilution, filtration, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), plasmacluster ions and other technologies for air disinfection and purification from pathogens are analyzed" https://t.co/Ofx7Lq1cm1#COVID19
"In this review we discuss the portable biosensors and/or micro total analysis systems (µTAS) that can be used for monitoring such airborne pathogens, similar to smoke detectors" https://t.co/K9KUFROLsH#COVID19#innovation
"A team of researchers from Empa, ETH Zurich and Zurich University Hospital has succeeded in developing a novel sensor for detecting the new coronavirus. In future, it could be used to measure the concentration of the virus in the environment..." https://t.co/XE7fSWucS4#COVID19
University of New South Wales researchers led by Emeritus Professor Heinrich Hora have made important breakthroughs recently in developing clean nuclear energy technology.
When a proton (a Hydrogen nucleus) fuses with a Boron-11 nucleus it produces 3 alpha particles (Helium nuclei).
That's it. No radioactive fuels. No radioactive waste.
The Hydrogen - Boron 11 "fusion reaction" fuses the two nuclei to briefly form a Carbon 12 nucleus.
The Carbon nucleus then breaks into 3 Helium nuclei.
1.008 grams of Hydrogen + 11.009 grams of Boron 11
=> 12.008 grams of Helium + 232 MWh (or 837 gigajoules).
The energy comes from mass deficit. It is a two-stage reaction. The fuels undergo fusion. The intermediate product splits apart.
The energy from the mass deficit, fortuitously, exits as kinetic energy of fast helium ions.
Kinetic energy may be converted directly to electricity.
The Hydrogen has one proton and the Boron 11 has 5 protons and 6 neutrons.
Combined, these create Carbon 12 which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
BUT the molar masses of the hydrogen and boron 11 are 12.017 grams. Stable Carbon 12 has a molar mass of exactly 12.0 grams.
The excess of 0.017 grams ends up divided between the mass of 3 Helium nuclei AND the kinetic energy (speed) of those Helium nuclei - that fly apart as the Carbon 12 breaks apart.
The molar mass of the three Helium nuclei is 12.008 grams, leaving 0.009 grams => energy.
In some alternate physics, the Carbon 12 atoms with the excess molar mass of 12.017 grams might conceivably get rid of that excess mass by emitting high energy gamma radiation. This would be a greater amount of energy, but we have no technology for converting it to electricity🙁.
Also, the breakup should be asymmetric with a 4He cluster followed by a systematic 2x4He split. The mass difference is probably due to QCBE not be stable, perhaps the reason for the breakup.
— ☢Anti-Protons☢🏳️🌈📎⚧🐱🇺🇸🌈🌊 - Call me Ishtar (@Antiproton_com) May 16, 2020
Yes. Molar masses... 12g/mol for Carbon12.
Carbon 12 is the international standard for atomic mass units.
It is defined as having a molar mass of exactly 12.0 grams per mole which is 12.0 atomic mass units per (amu) atom. https://t.co/X8YuJF1PgF
The excess mass of 0.01713 grams per mole has to go somewhere....
=>Each Carbon 12 nucleus may be thought of as being in an energy excitation state of 15.96 MeV. In that excited state each nucleus breaks into 3 x Helium 4 nuclei and the new mass deficit shows up as kinetic energy
Yes. Reaction mechanism details are a research topic.
In 2011: "Weller and his colleagues took a fresh look at the hydrogen-boron reaction at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory...The team found the collision yields two high-energy alphas" https://t.co/Ye79jWh6KQ
The end result is (basically) the same from the purposes of resulting energy for power.
It seems promising to me, as far into it as I have read. I wonder if there is gamma emission and what the flux density is. That (and neutrons) are issues with D+T fusion
— ☢Anti-Protons☢🏳️🌈📎⚧🐱🇺🇸🌈🌊 - Call me Ishtar (@Antiproton_com) May 17, 2020
"Researchers have been developing reactors to slam hydrogen at high speeds into boron-11, a collision that yields high-energy helium nuclei, or alpha particles. Those alphas then spiral through a tunnel of electromagnetic coils, transforming them into a flow of electrons, or electricity."
Santos announced a project for storing carbon dioxide in its Moomba gas fields in 2007.
June 2007: "Moomba touted for world's biggest CCS project
SANTOS has confirmed it wants to use its extensive pipeline network to sequester carbon dioxide from Queensland, NSW and South Australia into depleted oil and gas reservoirs in the Cooper Basin." https://t.co/QYaj2E7Qak
Santos - PM Kevin Rudd, Moomba CCS Project, September 2008
The project has again been floated in 2020.
March 2020: "Santos said that oil and gas major BP is set to invest AUD20m ($13.21m) in its Moomba carbon capture and storage project (Moomba CCS project) in South Australia." https://t.co/Rs8kkIDyKp
JAPANESE ‘CLEAN COAL’ DEMONSTRATION PROJECT TAKES A STEP FURTHER
By Tetsuo Satoh |
Construction has begun on the third step of a project to demonstrate the world’s first integrated coal-gasification fuel-cell (IGFC) combined cycle power plant with CO2 capture. The five-year, $73.3-million project is a collaboration of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO; Kawasaki City; www.nedo.go.jp) and Osaki CoolGen Corp. (Hiroshima Prefecture, both Japan; www.osaki-coolgen.jp). IGFC technology has the potential to reach a 55% thermal efficiency (higher heating value; HHV).
The IGFC demonstration project is composed of three steps (diagram): (1) the demonstration of oxygen-blown integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle (O2-blown IGCC), which was completed in March 2019; (2) the demonstration of O2 -blown IGCC with CO2 separation and capture, which started in December 2019; and (3) the demonstration of IGFC with CO2 separation and capture.
For the first step, a 170,000 kW-class demonstration test facility was constructed within the grounds of the Osaki Power Station of The Chugoku Electric Power Co. During the demonstration tests, coal particles were used to operate a 1,300°C-class gas turbine, while using the heat generated to operate a steam turbine for combined-cycle power generation. The performance, operability, reliability, and economic feasibility as a coal-fired power generation system was verified. The targeted thermal efficiency of 40.5% HHV was achieved for an O2-blown IGCC using a 100°C-class gas turbine. They are forecasting a net thermal efficiency of approximately 46% will be achieved for a commercial plant that uses a 1,500°C-class gas turbine. Based on these results, they are expecting to reduce CO2 emissions by about 15% compared to ultra-supercritical (USC) pressure pulverized-coal-fired power generation.
To demonstrate the second step, construction work on the CO2-capture unit was completed last summer, and testing started in December 2019 and will continue through 2020. Meanwhile, construction has also begun on the third step, in which the fuel cell will be added to the O2-blown IGCC to demonstrate the complete IGFC with CO2 capture, which should begin late 2021 and run through 2022. Ultimately, the project aims to achieve a net thermal efficiency of approximately 47%, while capturing 90% of the CO2, and a 40% of transmission end efficiency when applied to a 500-MW-class commercial unit.
Serrendipity in viewing the following three videos on YouTube in this sequence conjures an unlikely but curiously intriguing thought...
1. The 1995 Hubble photo that changed astronomy
2. Why does light slow down in water?
3. A Miraculous Proof (Ptolemy's Theorem) - Numberphile
The first video shows images of the early universe as it existed over 14 billion years ago.
Hubble image of the Big Bang
The second video provides a possible explanation for why the light from 14 billion years ago is only now arriving at the Hubble Space Telescope... namely that the light may have travelled quite slowly through the material existing in the early universe (just as it travels more slowly through water) while the outer parts of the expanding universe zipped off at a faster pace.
The third video gives a perplexing suggestion for the Hubble Space Telescope seeing the early universe no matter which direction it is pointing.
If the Hubble Space Telescope pointing in one direction viewed the early universe as a small bubble, then it might have been that when pointed in the opposite direction it would view the outer edges of the universe that had travelled ahead of the Milky Way galaxy as the universe expanded.
Curiously the Hubble Space Telescope viewed the earliest components of the universe no matter which direction it pointed.
The third video describes a process for creating one specific isomorphism of a geometrical structure.
"Reflection" - one type of transformation - "it will keep his elephant-ness"
"our inversion is a completely different animal"
Points on the transform circle go to themselves. Points outside the circle go to points inside the circle.
Lines through the centre of the transform circle go to themselves. Lines not through the centre become circles through the centre.
Lines through the centre go to themselves
Circles inside the transform circle but not through the centre go to circles that are outside
the transform circle.
The latter mapping for circles inside the transform circle -in particular for those that are increasingly near to the centre- go to ever more distant circles outside the transform circle.
This is a description that uncanningly matches Hubble Space Telescope's images of the early universe.
Instead of seeing a miniature bubble in only one direction that represents the early universe, what the Hubble Space Telescope sees is a vast uniformly distant bubble that light has travelled for 14 billion years from all directions to reach it.
Perhaps the Hubble Space Telescope's image is of Aladdin's Shoe.
The view containing the Elephant has been subjected to an abstract mathematical transformation?
A plan for phasing out both thermal coal exports and vehicles running on fossil fuels is straightforward.
Australia has seen how such plans work. It implemented one in phasing out vehicles that ran on leaded petrol.
Announce a date for the ban on new vehicles that use leaded petrol.
Announce a date for the ban of the supply of leaded petrol.
The period to the date of the first ban sees a burst of investment for the supply of fuel and of vehicles to use the new energy source.
The period to the date of the second ban allows for the gradual retirement of all vehicles using the fuel being replaced, and for winding down the supply chain for that fuel.
"In 1981, Australian state and federal transport ministers met to address pollution problems. Driving the shift towards unleaded petrol were vast environmental and health concerns.
During the 1980s, automobile associations were critical of the introduction of unleaded fuel. The RACV opposed the implementation believing it was too costly. The oil industry was cynical, too, arguing the introduction of unleaded fuel did not follow from a technological breakthrough but rather a decision by ministers. Without doubt, the position taken by oil companies, automobile associations and other stakeholders regarding unleaded fuel changed over time.
Despite opposition to unleaded fuel, the Transportation Council adopted a program to mandate unleaded petrol by 1985. The implementation policy for unleaded fuel was undertaken in stages. Initially, regulations were made calling for all new motor vehicles made after January 1986 (manufactured within Australia or imported) to meet the new fuel requirements. The policy then called for a complete phase out of leaded fuel by 2002. Prior to the national mandate, states had led the way on unleaded fuel of which NSW took the lead. The decision to mandate was essential for implementing unleaded fuel. It forced car manufacturers, oil producers and consumers to make the transition."
